#128 switch statements

php-control-structures/notes/05-switch-statements.md

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+A switch consists of one or many cases that are checked against a supplied value.
+Much like a series of if statements a switch can include a default that is used when the supplied value does not match any case.
+
+In the example the printed string would say `This fruit is a pear` as the variable `$fruit` has the value of `pear`.
+
+If the supplied `$fruit` does not match any of the case conditions then the output would be `The fruit cannot be found`.
+
+```php
+$fruit = 'pear';
+
+switch ($fruit) {
+    case 'apple':
+        echo "This fruit is an Apple";
+    break;
+    case 'pear':
+        echo "This fruit is a pear";
+    break;
+    case 'orange':
+        echo "This fruit is an orange";
+    break;
+    default:
+        echo "The fruit cannot be found";
+}
+
+```
+
+This example can also be written using a series of if/if else/else statements.
+```php
+if ($fruit === 'apple') {
+    echo "This fruit is an Apple";
+} elseif ($fruit === 'pear') {
+    echo "This fruit is a pear";
+} elseif ($fruit === 'orange') {
+    echo "This fruit is an orange";
+} else {
+    echo "The fruit cannot be found";
+}
+```
+
+Switch cases can be grouped together.
+
+In the below example below the output would be `This food is a meat` as `$food` has the value of `beef burger`.
+
+If `$food` had the value of `apple` or `pear` or `orange` then the output would be `This food is a fruit`
+
+```php
+$food = 'beef burger';
+
+switch ($food) {
+    case 'apple':
+    case 'pear':
+    case 'orange':
+        echo "This food is a fruit";
+    break;
+    case 'beef burger': 
+       echo "This food is a meat";
+    break;
+    default:
+        echo "The fruit cannot be found";
+}
+```
+
+The equivalent if statement would look like this
+
+```php
+if ($food === 'apple' || $food === 'pear' || $food === 'orange') {
+    echo "This food is a fruit";
+} elseif ($food === 'beef burger')  {
+    echo "This food is a meat";
+} else {
+    echo "The fruit cannot be found";
+}
+```