Merge pull request #458 from sir-gon/feature/mark-and-toys

[Hacker Rank] Interview Preparation Kit: Sorting: Mark and Toys. Solv…

Author: sir-gon

docs/hackerrank/interview_preparation_kit/sort/mark-and-toys.md

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+# [Mark and Toys](https://www.hackerrank.com/challenges/mark-and-toys)
+
+You are Mark's best friend and have to help him buy as many toys as possible.
+
+- Difficulty:  `#easy`
+- Category: `#ProblemSolvingBasic` `#greedy` `#sorting`
+
+Mark and Jane are very happy after having their first child.
+Their son loves toys, so Mark wants to buy some.
+There are a number of different toys lying in front of him,
+tagged with their prices.
+Mark has only a certain amount to spend, and he wants to maximize
+the number of toys he buys with this money.
+Given a list of toy prices and an amount to spend,
+determine the maximum number of gifts he can buy.
+
+**Note** Each toy can be purchased only once.
+
+## Example
+
+The budget is `7` units of currency. He can buy items that cost `[1, 2, 3]`
+for `6`, or `[3, 4]`, for  units.
+The maximum is `3` items.
+
+## Function Description
+
+Complete the function maximumToys in the editor below.
+
+maximumToys has the following parameter(s):
+
+- `int prices[n]`: the toy prices
+- `int k`: Mark's budget
+
+## Returns
+
+- `int`: the maximum number of toys
+
+## Input Format
+
+The first line contains two integers, `n` and `k`, the number of priced toys
+and the amount Mark has to spend.
+The next line contains `n` space-separated integers `prices[i]`
+
+## Constraints
+
+- $ 1 \leq n \leq 10^5 $
+- $ 1 \leq k \leq 10^9 $
+- $ 1 \leq prices[i] \leq 10^9 $
+
+A toy can't be bought multiple times.
+
+## Sample Input
+
+```text
+7 50
+1 12 5 111 200 1000 10
+```
+
+## Sample Output
+
+```text
+4
+```
+
+## Explanation
+
+He can buy only `4` toys at most.
+These toys have the following prices: `1, 12, 5, 10`.

src/hackerrank/interview_preparation_kit/sort/mark_and_toys.test.ts

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+import { describe, expect, it } from '@jest/globals';
+
+import { maximumToys } from './mark_and_toys';
+import TEST_CASES from './mark_and_toys.testcases.json';
+
+describe('maximumToys', () => {
+  it('maximumToys test cases', () => {
+    expect.assertions(3);
+
+    TEST_CASES.forEach((test) => {
+      const result = maximumToys(test.prices, test.budget);
+
+      expect(result).toStrictEqual(test.expected);
+    });
+  });
+});

src/hackerrank/interview_preparation_kit/sort/mark_and_toys.testcases.json

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+[
+  {
+    "title": "Sample Test Case 0",
+    "budget": 50,
+    "prices": [50, 1, 12, 5, 111, 200, 1000, 10],
+    "expected": 4
+  },
+  {
+    "title": "Sample Test Case 1",
+    "budget": 7,
+    "prices": [1, 2, 3, 4],
+    "expected": 3
+  },
+  {
+    "title": "Sample Test Case 2",
+    "budget": 15,
+    "prices": [3, 7, 2, 9, 4],
+    "expected": 3
+  }
+]

src/hackerrank/interview_preparation_kit/sort/mark_and_toys.ts

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+/**
+ * @link Problem definition [[docs/hackerrank/interview_preparation_kit/sort/mark-and-toys.md]]
+ */
+
+export function maximumToys(prices: number[], k: number): number {
+  const group = [...prices];
+  group.sort((a: number, b: number) => a - b);
+
+  let budget = k;
+  const shoppingCart: number[] = [];
+
+  while (group.length > 0 && budget >= 0) {
+    const currentItem = group.shift();
+    budget -= currentItem!;
+    if (budget >= 0) {
+      shoppingCart.push(currentItem!);
+    }
+  }
+
+  return shoppingCart.length;
+}
+
+export default { maximumToys };