false positive: "Overloaded function signatures ... overlap with incompatible return types"

[finite-state-machine]

Bug Report

Code of a certain form causes a false positive error:

error: Overloaded function signatures 1 and 2 overlap with incompatible return types  [misc]

To Reproduce

Gist: mypy-play.net

from typing import (
        Literal,
        overload,
        Sequence,
        TypeVar,
        Union,
        )

T1 = TypeVar('T1')
T2 = TypeVar('T2')

@overload
def func(a1: Literal[True], a2: T1) -> Union[T1, Sequence[T2]]: ...
    # error: Overloaded function signatures 1 and 2 overlap with incompatible return types  [misc]

@overload
def func(a1: bool, a2: T1) -> Union[T1, Sequence[T2], T2]: ...

def func(  # type: ignore[empty-body]
        a1: bool, a2: T1) -> Union[T1, Sequence[T2], T2]:
    ...

Expected Behavior

There should be no errors.

• the second signature's arguments are clearly broader than the first's (bool vs. Literal[True])
• the second signature's return type is clearly broader than the first's (Union[...] vs. Union[..., T2])

Actual Behavior

An error is issued:

error: Overloaded function signatures 1 and 2 overlap with incompatible return types  [misc]

Additional notes

This example is fairly minimal:

• removing the a2 argument from all three declarations causes the problem to disappear
• removing the Sequence[T2] clause from the return Union of all three declarations causes the problem to disappear

Your Environment

• Mypy version used: 0.910, 1.8.0
• Mypy command-line flags: (none)
• Mypy configuration options from mypy.ini (and other config files): (none)
• Python version used: 3.8, 3.12

[Dr-Irv]

The following example may be related. It is something we are trying to get working with respect to pandas stubs supplied by Microsoft with VS Code. Full discussion microsoft/python-type-stubs#87

Goal is to have two parameters i1 that is bool and cs that is Optional[int] that may or may not be specified. Issue with mypy is that it is saying that None and int overlap. Goal of the code below is to have results corresponding to the table below:

i1	cs	Return Type
Not specified	Not specified	int
False	Not specified	int
False	None	int
False	An integer	str
True	Not specified	str
True	None	str
True	An integer	str
Not specified	None	int
Not specified	An integer	str

@overload
def myfun(fake: str, i1: Literal[True], cs: Union[int, None] = ...) -> str:
    ...


@overload
def myfun(fake: str, i1: Literal[False], cs: int) -> str:
    ...


@overload
def myfun(fake: str, i1: Literal[False] = ..., cs: None = ...) -> int:
    ...


@overload
def myfun(fake: str, i1: bool = ..., cs: int = ...) -> str:
    ...


def myfun(fake: str, i1: bool = False, cs: Optional[int] = None) -> Union[str, int]:
    print(f"i1 is {i1} cs is {cs} result is ", end="")
    if i1:
        if cs is not None:
            return "TextFileReader"
        else:
            return "TextFileReader"
    else:
        if cs is not None:
            return "TextFileReader"
        else:
            return -1


res1: int = myfun("meh")
res2: int = myfun("meh", i1=False)
res3: int = myfun("meh", i1=False, cs=None)
res4: str = myfun("meh", i1=False, cs=23)
res5: str = myfun("meh", i1=True)
res6: str = myfun("meh", i1=True, cs=None)
res7: str = myfun("meh", i1=True, cs=23)
res8: int = myfun("meh", cs=None)
res9: str = myfun("meh", cs=23)

mypy version 0.910 complains as follows:

error: Overloaded function signatures 3 and 4 overlap with incompatible return types

The pyright type checker does not have this complaint.

[erictraut]

I think what's confusing mypy is the fact that cs has a default argument in overloads 3 and 4. We can eliminate that requirement if i1 and cs are keyword-only parameters by making the following change. This works fine in both mypy and pyright.

@overload
def myfun(fake: str, *, i1: Literal[True], cs: int | None = ...) -> str:
    ...


@overload
def myfun(fake: str, *, i1: Literal[False], cs: int) -> str:
    ...


@overload
def myfun(fake: str, *, i1: Literal[False] = ..., cs: None = ...) -> int:
    ...


@overload
def myfun(fake: str, *, i1: bool = ..., cs: int) -> str:
    ...


def myfun(fake: str, i1: bool = False, cs: Optional[int] = None) -> Union[str, int]:
    print(f"i1 is {i1} cs is {cs} result is ", end="")
    if i1:
        if cs is not None:
            return "TextFileReader"
        else:
            return "TextFileReader"
    else:
        if cs is not None:
            return "TextFileReader"
        else:
            return -1


res1: int = myfun("meh")
res2: int = myfun("meh", i1=False)
res3: int = myfun("meh", i1=False, cs=None)
res4: str = myfun("meh", i1=False, cs=23)
res5: str = myfun("meh", i1=True)
res6: str = myfun("meh", i1=True, cs=None)
res7: str = myfun("meh", i1=True, cs=23)
res8: int = myfun("meh", cs=None)
res9: str = myfun("meh", cs=23)

[finite-state-machine]

• verified to affect mypy 1.8.0 on Python 3.12
• refreshed reproduction case to account for an unrelated issue (fixed), new warning (empty-body)
• added mypy-play[.]net gist link to bug description

[jamesbraza]

Possibly related: #6580

[rpgoldman]

I think this is another example: